"The Hobbit" by JRR Tolkien was published in 1937. An instant hit, it was followed by "The Lord of the Rings" and, after Tolkien's death, "The Silmarillion." But it took until the turn of the century before Middle-earth was fully realised on film, courtesy of New Zealand writer and director Peter Jackson.
Over the last decade and a half, Jackson has adapted "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" into two movie trilogies, delighting millions of fans in the process.
The first trilogy adapted "Lord of the Rings" between 2001 and 2003. The films starred Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins, an intrepid hobbit.
The second trilogy, forming a prequel to the original films, was based on "The Hobbit" and starred Martin Freeman as Frodo's cousin Bilbo Baggins. Ian Holm also briefly appeared in both trilogies as an older Bilbo, happily retired in his home in the Shire.
The first trilogy of movies kicked off with "The Fellowship of the Ring" in 2001, developed by Peter Jackson since 1995. The films were largely shot at the same time in New Zealand and cost roughly $300 million.
The Fellowship is a band of warriors and hobbits joining Frodo and Gandalf. Its members are played by Orlando Bloom, Sean Bean, Viggo Mortenson, Billy Boyd, Sean Astin, Dominic Monaghan and John Rhys-Davies.
This wasn't the first attempt to bring JRR Tolkien's Middle-earth to the big screen: the Beatles wanted to play the Hobbits under Stanley Kubrick's direction, John Boorman had a crack at a script, and live action versions were made in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and Finland in the 1990s.
Seen here, though, is the Fellowship of the Ring as seen in a 1978 animated version adapted by "Fritz the Cat" creator Ralph Bakshi.
Effects have moved on since then: the combination of Andy Serkis' motion capture performance with groundbreaking computer-generated effects brought Gollum to life and paved the way for kiwi effects company Weta Workshop to create jaw-dropping effects in films like "Avatar" and "Rise of the Planet of the Apes."
Jackson and Weta also pushed the boundaries of special effects and technology involving the use of green-screen, filming in 3D and even 48 fps (frames per second) high-frame-rate filming.
Also part of the Fellowship is Boromir. Sheffield actor Sean Bean later appeared in the TV show "Game of Thrones," another fantasy epic based on a series of beloved novels, this time written by George RR Martin.
Every saga needs a bad guy, and here's ours: Sauron. Boo! Hiss!
It was Sauron who plotted the forging of the Rings of Power, including the One Ring to rule them all. Which makes him the Lord of the Rings mentioned in the series title.
The second film in the series, released in 2002, took us to "The Two Towers." The titular towers are Barad-dûr, home of Sauron, and Orthanc, the black tower of Isengard where the sorcerer Saruman hangs his beard.
The final film in the first trilogy -- and the end of the saga when taken chronologically -- is 2003's "The Return of the King." With extra scenes added for the Extended Editions released on DVD, the trilogy is more than 11 hours long.
The second trilogy is set 60 years before the first and tells the story of how Bilbo acquired the one ring. They were originally set to be directed by Guillermo del Toro, before Jackson stepped back into the director's chair.
The tranquil Bag End, home of Bilbo and later Frodo Baggins, is the start of many an adventure. You can now visit Hobbiton in New Zealand, home of much of the breathtaking scenery in the films.
The two trilogies have collectively been nominated for 36 Academy Awards. Here, Peter Jackson celebrates the 17 Oscars won by the first trilogy, including Best Director and Best Picture for "The Return of the King."
Cast members of "The Hobbit" and "Lord of the Rings" gather with Peter Jackson for the final time on the green carpet at the "Five Armies" premiere. We'll miss you guys.
