After World War II, Germany was divided between East and West. The West, with the help of the US and Britain, flourished and modernized. The East, under the influence of the Soviet Union, struggled. About 3.6 million East Germans, 20% of the population, fled between 1945 and 1961.
3
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
East Germany, known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR) or Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), didn't want the rest of its citizens to leave for the richer West, so in August 1961 it built barriers to keep its people in. The official GDR line: It wanted to keep "decadent, immoral westerners out."
4
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall divided Bernauer Strasse in the northern part of the city. When the GDR sealed the border on Aug. 13, 1961, it devastated the neighborhood.
5
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
Families and friends were separated from each other.
6
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
A memorial along Bernauer Strasse shows photos of some of those people who died trying to flee East Berlin.
7
of
30
Courtesy of Günter Wetzel
Fleeing via hot air balloon
Günter Wetzel and Peter Strelzyk succeeded in fleeing East Germany for West. They built a hot air balloon to escape with their families in September 1979.
8
of
30
Courtesy of Günter Wetzel
Fleeing via hot air balloon
Wetzel and Strelzyk used only a magazine article as a guide when building their hot air balloon to escape East Germany. They didn't have time to weave a fancy basket. The balloon carried eight people.
9
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall fell on Nov. 9, 1989. Today, there are still spots around Berlin where you can visit remnants of the wall, like on Bernauer Strasse.
10
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
The Cold War was thawing toward the end of 1989. On Nov. 9, a spokesman for East Berlin's Communist Party said GDR citizens would be able to cross into the West.
11
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
When people heard that, they crowded the border crossings to head to the West.
12
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
The East German government couldn't go back, and the border was officially open.
13
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
East and West Germany reunited nearly a year later, on Oct. 3, 1990. Family members who hadn't seen each other in decades were reunited.
14
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
15
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Remnants of the wall
16
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
17
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Berlin Wall
18
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Brandenburg Gate
The Berlin Wall fell on Nov. 9, 1989. In November 2019, the the city held a weeklong celebration for the 30th anniversary. That included a display at the famous Brandenburg Gate.
19
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Art at Brandenburg Gate
The "Visions in Motion" art installation of 30,000 ribbons hung near the Brandenburg Gate to represent the wishes and memories of 30,000 people.
20
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
Art at Brandenburg Gate
21
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
Only a few days after the fall of the Berlin Wall on Nov. 9, 1989, artists started painting the east side of the structure. This area became the East Side Gallery.
22
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
It's the longest preserved piece of the Berlin Wall. Over 100 artists from 21 countries painting images on a 1.3km stretch of the former border barrier.
23
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
The more than 100 paintings demonstrated "that in the end, the desire for freedom and creativity is stronger than sanctions and force," said a display at the East Side Gallery.
24
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
The City of Berlin made the East Side Gallery an official monument in November 1991, saving it from demolition.
25
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
The East Side Gallery is one of the only remaining strips of the Wall still standing in Berlin.
26
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
The East Side Gallery has gone through two major refurbishments, in 2000 and 2009. The artists had to repaint their murals after the wall was repaired to address weather, graffiti and other damage.
27
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
Some artists refused to recreate their work, saying they didn't approve of the renovation and didn't want to alter the history of their murals.
28
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
The back side of the East Side Gallery was initially kept white, and it has become a popular graffiti canvas. The city recently repainted that side white to play a video exhibit about the fall of the wall for the 30th anniversary in November 2019.
29
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
On the back side of Berlin's East Side Gallery is an open-air exhibit commemorating the 30th anniversary of the fall of the wall. And on the Spree River is a light exhibit called "What is here now, what once was here."
30
of
30
Shara Tibken/CNET
East Side Gallery
Light artist Rainer Walter Gottemeier installed 50 neon rod buoys and numerous flashing signal rescue lamps to symbolize the border between Kreuzberg in the former West Berlin and Friedrichshain in the former East.
These photos were produced as part of the Goethe-Institut's Close-Up journalists' exchange program and Wunderbar Together-The Year of German-American Friendship. More information can be found at www.goethe.de/nahaufnahmeand at #GoetheCloseUp and #WunderbarTogether.
Close
Discuss: 30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, in photos
Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic. We delete comments that violate our policy, which we encourage you to read. Discussion threads can be closed at any time at our discretion.
Discuss: 30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, in photos
Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic. We delete comments that violate our policy, which we encourage you to read. Discussion threads can be closed at any time at our discretion.