Javascript.
What kind of script was used to write Google?
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What kind of script was used to write Google?
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Granted, there are additional non-javascript programming incorporated into the Gmail system, e.g. database hooks ... but that's all backend stuff.
so what are the backend stuff that Google use?
I don't know what google is using, but it really doesn't matter. You can use any scripting language you want:
php, asp, coldfusion, cgi, etc.
You can usually tell what scripting language a site is using by the file extensions, e.g. .php points to php. However, some sites conceal this by creating a new directory for everything. That way, they can use the index file, which doesn't have to be included in the address.
E.g. http://www.mysite.com/search/index.php?q=stars is equivalent http://www.mysite.com/search/?q=stars.
Goto http://code.google.com/ and have fun diving into the code. Bring your life preserver since we can help you if you start to drown.
Bob
For scripting the main pages Google used some sort of CGI script, probably Perl, or Python, I read which one it was at one point cant remember now. With the advent of Ruby on Rails, and Google releasing their API's and having AJAX support, I would suspect that it is now coded in Ruby.
To the backend; Google used to be running on Solaris boxes, heavily patched I would imagine. The idea that its running NT is seriously far fetched, could you imagine the stack problems with that?! Even Microsoft has problems with its servers restarting every 10 minutes. (Re: a MSDN channel 9 video).
According to MySQL; google is using MySQL servers as its backbone in some areas, though I have heard that Google used objective C and created their own clustered database engine.
Googlebot, their web crawler, in its original form was also written in C or C++. Going by their application form, I would say that most, if not all, of google is now written in C++.