If you went and paid a car dealer for a BMW and you were delivered a VW, was that "negligence"? They'd be obligated to take back the VW and provide the BMW instead. Why not hold these "sperm banks" to the same standards and require them to become legally responsible for all costs related to their mistake, which resulted in an alternate product or result than what had been ordered? Maybe if the sperm banks had to pay the actual full cost for their mistakes, we could see an end to them. So long as men exist capable of sexually providing sperm to produce babies, there is absolutely no need for "sperm banks" to exist, except in the most limited sense and ONLY be allowed to provide services between a husband and wife. Furthermore all sperm bank records must become public, if for no other reason, so siblings, even half siblings, don't end up marrying each other. It's in society's best interest to make this openess happen.