The BIOS setting screen should show what it sees. And Windows can't see more. The motherboard specs say it supports up to 16 GB, so that shouldn't be a problem.
Mentioning the amount of RAM on the welcome screen isn't a standard Windows function, as far as I know, and it's not clear what your CPU/RAM monitor is. So I can't comment on that.
What's your exact OS: what version of Vista and 32 or 64 bit? You didn't tell and it might be relevant.
I'd start with download memtest86 (free) and see what it tells you about the memory. If it doesn't see 8 GB then either it's incompatible RAM or bad RAM or the motherboard doesn't live up to its specs.
You'll only note a performance increase going from 4 GB to 8 GB in certain circumstances. And it's not clear either if those were present during your performance test and how exact that test was (did you measure the milliseconds with and without that extra RAM?). So that doesn't say much.
Kees
Before I purchased my new ram I had 4Gb of DDR3 Ram, with two extra slots available I decided to buy an extra 4Gb of the same exact ram I already had for a total of 8GB of ram. When I installed the new ram I then booted my computer up and noticed it only showed 4096 total physical memory in the bios settings menu. I proceeded to start windows and my welcome screen indicated that I had a total of 8.00GB of ram. I start my CPU/RAM monitor and it indicated I had only 4GB. I noticed no performance increase at all so my computer is not detecting my new ram.
How can I correct this problem?
My specs are
-Intel i5-750
-4x2GB Crucial DDR3 Ram
-MSI P55-CD53 motherboard
-BFG Geforce GTX 295
-320GB Seagate HDD
-Corsair TX750 power supply

Chowhound
Comic Vine
GameFAQs
GameSpot
Giant Bomb
TechRepublic