You can start at https://thunderbolttechnology.net/blog/thunderbolt-3-usb-c-does-it-all and more articles on the web.
As to the drive, there are so many reasons for this not to function from power to blown file systems. There's also the problem of cheap cables. Sorry but for now there's not enough clues for me to guess if it's a cable, power or file system issue. Add more detail about the cable and drive.
Apologies if this is posted in the wrong part of the forum.
Please can you explain how thunderbolt works. I've got a Dell XPS 15 9560, which has a thunderbolt 3 port. I have a USB C to USB A cable. The C-end goes into my laptop. What can I plug the A-end into? I thought all devices were compatible, so I tried plugging in my external hard-drive (which happens to have USB A ports), except that didn't work (I'm guessing only certain hard-drives work?)

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