I have had this happen too, two or three times....
A couple of possibilities. When using MS Word there is a periodic autosave, which continues as long as the program is running. If you are working with a large document you can get endless copies cached.
I also was using a program for converting video files - it is possible there was some big time caching going on there.
If you go to the system folder and view by list mode, then turn on the calculation of all file sizes, you will be able to see any really large caches. Be careful what you throw away, but clean out cache files, then reboot and see if your HD space is back.
One day I had 8gb free the next day it was full and I did not add any files. I deleted some movies and I had space again then the same thing happened. I have a 120GB hard drive and I should have some space. My user profile only shows that I am using 41 gigs.

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