When using Bitlocker, it's recommended to have an unencrypted backup of your data elsewhere. If you just put the disk in an enclosure or mount it in another PC, it won't be readable.

The easy way, I think, to get your data back is to get this laptop to boot into Windows again. However, see Microsofts documentation about bitlocker in https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-overview for possible alternatives such as retrieving the key from Active Directory (if it's there).